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This lesson covers file processing — reading from and writing to files — which is an essential skill for A-Level Computer Science. Programs need to persist data beyond their execution time, and files provide a way to store and retrieve data permanently.
Data stored in variables is volatile — it is lost when the program terminates. Files provide persistent storage, allowing data to be:
| Storage Type | Volatile? | Example |
|---|---|---|
| Variables (RAM) | Yes — lost when program ends | A score counter in a game |
| Files (Disk) | No — persists after program ends | A saved game file, a CSV of student records |
| Database | No — persists and supports queries | A relational database of customers |
The basic file operations are:
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