Language and Identity

Language is one of the most powerful tools we have for constructing, performing, and communicating identity. The way we speak — our accent, dialect, vocabulary, and style — signals who we are, where we come from, and which social groups we belong to. This lesson examines the key theories and concepts that explain the relationship between language and identity, including accommodation theory, acts of identity, code-switching, and performativity.

Key Definition: Identity in sociolinguistics refers to the social categories and personal attributes that a speaker claims, performs, or is assigned through language use. Identity is not fixed — it is constructed, negotiated, and performed through interaction.

---

Linguistic Repertoire

Every speaker commands a linguistic repertoire — the full range of language varieties, registers, and styles available to them. A speaker's repertoire might include:

• A regional dialect (used with family and friends).
• Standard English (used in education and professional settings).
• An occupational register (used at work).
• A digital register (used on social media).
• A heritage language (if the speaker comes from a multilingual background).