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Lexis refers to the vocabulary of a language — the individual words and phrases that make up a text. Semantics is the study of meaning — how words, phrases, and sentences convey meaning. These two levels are closely interrelated: the words a writer or speaker chooses (lexis) carry specific meanings (semantics) that shape the reader's or listener's understanding.
Understanding word classes (also called parts of speech) is fundamental to lexical and grammatical analysis. Each word class performs a different function in a sentence:
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