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This lesson covers correlation and regression in depth — the tools used to quantify and model the relationship between two variables. These techniques are central to the A-Level Mathematics statistics specification and are frequently tested using data from the large data set.
Correlation measures the strength and direction of the linear relationship between two variables. It does not imply causation.
The PMCC, denoted r, quantifies the linear correlation between variables x and y:
r=SxxSyySxy
where:
Sxx=∑x2−n(∑x)2,Syy=∑y2−n(∑y)2,Sxy=∑xy−n(∑x)(∑y)
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