Disability Identity

Disability is a significant but often marginalised dimension of identity. Sociological approaches to disability have undergone a profound transformation, moving from a medical model (which locates disability in the individual body) to a social model (which locates disability in the barriers created by society). This lesson examines competing models of disability, the construction of disability identity, stigma, and the intersection of disability with other dimensions of inequality.

Key Definition: Disability refers to the physical, sensory, cognitive, or mental health impairments that, in interaction with social barriers, may limit an individual's ability to participate fully in society.

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The Medical Model of Disability

Key Features

The medical model defines disability as an individual problem caused by physical, sensory, or cognitive impairment. It focuses on what is "wrong" with the individual body and seeks medical solutions — treatment, rehabilitation, cure, or management of symptoms.