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Observation is a research method in which the sociologist watches and records behaviour as it happens in a natural or controlled setting. In educational research, observation involves the researcher entering a school, classroom, or other educational environment to observe the interactions, practices, and processes that take place. Observation is particularly valued by interpretivist sociologists for its potential to produce highly valid, authentic data about the reality of school life. However, it also raises significant practical and ethical challenges, especially when the participants include children and young people.
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