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Ethnic inequality is a deep-rooted and persistent feature of social stratification in the UK. Despite anti-discrimination legislation — the Race Relations Acts of 1965, 1968, and 1976, and the Equality Act 2010 — ethnic minorities continue to experience disadvantage in employment, housing, education, health, and the criminal justice system. The AQA specification requires you to understand the nature and extent of ethnic inequality, explain it using sociological theories, and evaluate the concept of institutional racism.
Key Definition: Ethnic inequality refers to the systematic differences in life chances, opportunities, and outcomes experienced by people from different ethnic groups. These differences are structured and patterned, not random or individual.
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