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This lesson brings together everything you have learned in the New and Emerging Technologies section of AQA GCSE Design and Technology (8552), Section 3.1.1. It provides exam-style questions, model answers and strategies to help you achieve the best possible marks on Paper 1.
AQA GCSE D&T Paper 1 is a 2-hour written exam worth 100 marks (50% of the GCSE). Section A covers Core Technical Principles (including New and Emerging Technologies). Questions range from 1-mark recall to 6-mark extended response.
| Question Type | Marks | What the Examiner Expects |
|---|---|---|
| Multiple choice | 1 | Select the correct answer from four options |
| Short answer | 1–2 | A brief, accurate factual response |
| Describe | 2–4 | Say what something is and how it works, with specific detail |
| Explain | 3–4 | Give reasons, using connective words like "because", "this means that", "resulting in" |
| Evaluate / Discuss | 6 | A balanced argument with advantages and disadvantages, examples, and a conclusion |
AQA Exam Tip: For 6-mark questions, spend 1 minute planning before you write. Jot down 3 pros and 3 cons (or 3 points for and 3 against), then write a short paragraph for each. Finish with a brief conclusion that weighs up the evidence.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Automation | Using machines and technology to carry out processes with minimal human intervention |
| CNC | Computer Numerical Control — machines that follow programmed instructions to cut, shape or form materials |
| CAD | Computer-Aided Design — using software to create and modify designs digitally |
| CAM | Computer-Aided Manufacture — using computer-controlled machines to make products |
| Crowdfunding | Raising money from many small contributions via online platforms |
| Technology push | New technology drives the development of new products |
| Market pull | Consumer demand drives the development of new products |
| Lean manufacturing | A production philosophy focused on minimising waste |
| JIT | Just-in-Time — materials are delivered exactly when needed, eliminating stockholding |
| FMS | Flexible Manufacturing System — a production setup that can quickly switch between different products |
| Ergonomics | The study of how people interact with products and environments |
| Anthropometrics | The study of human body measurements used to inform design decisions |
| Inclusive design | Designing products that can be used by as many people as possible |
| Sustainability | Meeting present needs without compromising future generations' ability to meet theirs |
| LCA | Life Cycle Assessment — analysing environmental impact from raw materials to disposal |
| Planned obsolescence | Deliberately designing a product to become outdated or non-functional after a set period |
| The 6 Rs | Reduce, Reuse, Recycle, Refuse, Rethink, Repair |
Q: State two advantages of using CNC machines compared to manual production methods.
Model Answer:
Each point earns 1 mark. The student has given two distinct advantages with brief explanations. A weaker answer would just say "faster" and "more accurate" without explanation.
Q: Explain how crowdfunding benefits a new designer who wants to launch an innovative product.
Model Answer: Crowdfunding allows the designer to test market demand before investing in mass production — if the funding target is not reached, they know the product may not be viable, saving them from financial loss. (1) The campaign also acts as free marketing, as potential backers share the project on social media, raising awareness. (1) The designer does not need to take out a bank loan or give up equity to investors, meaning they retain full control of their business. (1) Finally, backers often provide feedback during the campaign, helping the designer improve the product before it goes into production. (1)
Q: Evaluate the impact of automation on employment in the manufacturing industry.
Model Answer:
Automation has had a significant impact on manufacturing employment, with both positive and negative consequences.
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