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EC2 networking goes beyond basic IP assignment. Elastic IP addresses provide stable public endpoints, and Elastic Network Interfaces (ENIs) give you fine-grained control over how instances connect to the network. This lesson covers both, along with practical scenarios and best practices.
An Elastic IP is a static, public IPv4 address that you allocate to your AWS account and can associate with any EC2 instance or network interface in the same Region.
Unlike auto-assigned public IPs (which change every time you stop and start an instance), an Elastic IP remains the same until you explicitly release it.
| Scenario | Without EIP | With EIP |
|---|---|---|
| Instance restart | Public IP changes; DNS records become stale | Public IP stays the same |
| Instance failure | Must update all references to the new IP | Remap EIP to a replacement instance in seconds |
| Multi-homed instances | Limited to one public IP | Assign multiple EIPs to different ENIs |
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