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Networking is fundamental to how Azure VMs communicate — with each other, with on-premises resources, and with the internet. This lesson covers the key networking components attached to every VM: Network Interface Cards, Network Security Groups, and Public IP addresses.
A Network Interface Card (NIC) is the bridge between a VM and an Azure Virtual Network (VNet). Every VM must have at least one NIC.
| Property | Description |
|---|---|
| Private IP address | Assigned from the VNet subnet range. Used for internal communication. |
| Public IP address | Optional. Provides internet-facing connectivity. |
| Subnet | The NIC is associated with a specific subnet within a VNet. |
| NSG | An optional Network Security Group can be associated at the NIC level. |
| DNS settings | Custom DNS servers can be configured per NIC. |
| IP forwarding | Disabled by default. Enable for network virtual appliances (NVAs). |
Some VM sizes support multiple NICs, which is useful for:
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