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Reflection and rotation are two of the most fundamental ideas in Non-Verbal Reasoning. Many CEM NVR questions ask you to identify reflected or rotated shapes, or to tell the difference between the two. Understanding these transformations deeply will help you across almost every NVR question type.
A reflection is a mirror image. Imagine placing a mirror along one edge of a shape — the image you see in the mirror is the reflection.
The shape is flipped over a vertical mirror line. Left and right are swapped, but top and bottom stay the same.
| Original | Reflected |
|---|---|
| Letter "b" | Letter "d" |
| Arrow pointing right (-->) | Arrow pointing left (<--) |
| Dot in top-left corner | Dot in top-right corner |
The shape is flipped over a horizontal mirror line. Top and bottom are swapped, but left and right stay the same.
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