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Apostrophes and speech marks are two punctuation marks that students often find tricky — but getting them right is very important in the CSSE 11+ English paper. Since SPaG is tested within the English paper itself (not as a separate paper), using these marks correctly in your comprehension answers and creative writing will help you pick up valuable marks.
An apostrophe (') has exactly two jobs in English:
It does not have any other job. It is never used to make a word plural.
When two words are shortened into one, an apostrophe marks where the missing letters were.
| Full form | Contraction |
|---|---|
| do not | don't |
| I will | I'll |
| they are | they're |
| it is / it has | it's |
| could not | couldn't |
| we have | we've |
| she would | she'd |
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