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Alkenes are unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least one carbon-carbon double bond (C=C). They have the general formula CₙH₂ₙ (for non-cyclic alkenes with one double bond) and are far more reactive than alkanes. The C=C double bond is the defining feature and the site where almost all alkene reactions take place.
The C=C double bond consists of two components:
Each carbon in the C=C is sp² hybridised, giving a trigonal planar geometry with bond angles of approximately 120°. The three sp² orbitals lie in a plane and the remaining p orbital is perpendicular to this plane.
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