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The three individual gas laws — Boyle's, Charles's, and the pressure law — each describe what happens when one variable changes while the others are held constant. The ideal gas equation combines all three into a single, powerful equation that describes the behaviour of an ideal gas under any conditions.
The most commonly used form of the ideal gas equation is:
pV = nRT
where:
This equation tells you that for a given amount of gas, the product pV is proportional to the absolute temperature. If you know any three of the four variables (p, V, n, T), you can calculate the fourth.
An alternative form uses the total number of molecules rather than moles:
pV = NkT
where:
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