Hormonal and Non-Hormonal Contraception

This lesson covers the different methods of contraception required by Edexcel GCSE Biology (1BI0) Topic 7. You need to understand how hormonal methods work by manipulating the menstrual cycle hormones, as well as the range of non-hormonal methods available. You must also be able to evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each.

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What Is Contraception?

Contraception is the deliberate prevention of pregnancy. Methods of contraception can be broadly divided into two categories:

1. Hormonal methods — use synthetic hormones to prevent pregnancy.
2. Non-hormonal methods — use physical barriers, chemicals, or other techniques.

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Hormonal Methods of Contraception

Hormonal contraceptives work by introducing synthetic versions of oestrogen and/or progesterone into the body. These hormones interfere with the normal menstrual cycle to prevent pregnancy.

1. The Combined Pill

• Contains synthetic oestrogen and progesterone.
• How it works: The oestrogen in the pill inhibits FSH production by the pituitary gland. Without FSH, no follicle develops and no egg matures. Progesterone also thickens cervical mucus and thins the uterus lining.
• Taken daily for 21 days, followed by a 7-day break.