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Straight-line graphs represent linear relationships. This lesson covers the equation y = mx + c, finding gradients and intercepts, plotting lines, parallel and perpendicular lines, and finding the equation of a line from its graph or from given information.
| Term | Meaning |
|---|---|
| Gradient (m) | The steepness of a line — rise ÷ run |
| y-intercept (c) | Where the line crosses the y-axis |
| x-intercept | Where the line crosses the x-axis (set y = 0) |
| y = mx + c | The equation of a straight line in gradient-intercept form |
| Parallel lines | Lines with the same gradient (they never meet) |
| Perpendicular lines | Lines that meet at right angles; their gradients multiply to −1 |
Every straight line can be written in the form y = mx + c, where:
For the line y = 3x − 5:
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