Multiplication, Division and Squares

This lesson covers DfE content statements L1.3, L1.4, L1.6 and L1.7 — using multiplication facts (times tables) and related division facts; multiplying and dividing whole numbers and decimals by 10, 100 and 1,000; finding squares of one-digit and two-digit numbers; and using BODMAS (the order of operations).

Times Tables — The Foundation

Knowing your times tables is the single most useful tool in maths. At Level 1 you are expected to know all multiplication facts up to 12 × 12 and to use them quickly.

The Multiplication Grid

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

Tips for tricky tables:

6 × 8 = 48 (many people find this the hardest fact — just learn it!)
7 × 8 = 56 (5, 6, 7, 8 → "I ate fifty-six")
9 times table trick: The digits of any 9× answer add up to 9 (e.g., 9 × 7 = 63, and 6 + 3 = 9).

Related Division Facts

Every multiplication fact gives you two division facts:

Multiplication	Division 1	Division 2
6 × 7 = 42	42 ÷ 7 = 6	42 ÷ 6 = 7
8 × 9 = 72	72 ÷ 9 = 8	72 ÷ 8 = 9
12 × 5 = 60	60 ÷ 5 = 12	60 ÷ 12 = 5

Worked Example — Using Division Facts at Work

Scenario: A warehouse has 96 mugs to pack into boxes of 8. How many boxes are needed?

96 ÷ 8 = 12 (from the 8 times table: 8 × 12 = 96). Answer: 12 boxes.

Long Multiplication

For multiplying larger numbers, use the column method (long multiplication).

Worked Example — Column Multiplication

Scenario: A care home orders 34 boxes of gloves, with 125 gloves in each box. How many gloves is that?

      125
    ×  34
    -----
      500   ← 125 × 4
    3750   ← 125 × 30
    -----
    4250

Answer: 4,250 gloves.

Check by estimation: 125 ≈ 130, 34 ≈ 30 → 130 × 30 = 3,900. Our answer of 4,250 is in the right ballpark. ✓

Long Division

Worked Example — Long Division

Scenario: A charity has £744 to share equally among 24 volunteers. How much does each volunteer receive?

     31
24 ) 744
     72    ← 24 × 3
     --
     24    ← bring down the 4
     24    ← 24 × 1
     --
      0

Answer: Each volunteer receives £31.

Exam Tip: After doing a long division, always multiply your answer by the divisor to check. Here: 31 × 24 = 744 ✓. This catches errors and earns you checking marks.

Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 and 1,000

This is one of the most useful skills in everyday maths.

Multiplication, Division and Squares

Multiplication, Division and Squares

Times Tables — The Foundation

The Multiplication Grid

Related Division Facts

Worked Example — Using Division Facts at Work

Long Multiplication

Worked Example — Column Multiplication

Long Division

Worked Example — Long Division

Multiplying and Dividing by 10, 100 and 1,000

The Rules

More in Mathematics

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144

×	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
1	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	11	12
2	2	4	6	8	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24
3	3	6	9	12	15	18	21	24	27	30	33	36
4	4	8	12	16	20	24	28	32	36	40	44	48
5	5	10	15	20	25	30	35	40	45	50	55	60
6	6	12	18	24	30	36	42	48	54	60	66	72
7	7	14	21	28	35	42	49	56	63	70	77	84
8	8	16	24	32	40	48	56	64	72	80	88	96
9	9	18	27	36	45	54	63	72	81	90	99	108
10	10	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100	110	120
11	11	22	33	44	55	66	77	88	99	110	121	132
12	12	24	36	48	60	72	84	96	108	120	132	144