Network Security Threats

Networks face a wide range of security threats from individuals and groups who seek to steal data, disrupt services or gain unauthorised access. Understanding these threats is essential for GCSE Computer Science and for protecting real-world systems.

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Why Are Networks Vulnerable?

Networks are vulnerable because:

• Data is transmitted across shared infrastructure that can be intercepted.
• Networks are connected to the internet, exposing them to global threats.
• Users may be tricked into revealing sensitive information.
• Software may contain bugs that attackers can exploit.
• As more devices connect (IoT), the attack surface increases.

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Types of Malware

Malware (malicious software) is any software designed to harm, exploit or gain unauthorised access to a computer system.

Viruses

• A virus is malware that attaches itself to a legitimate program or file.
• It spreads when the infected file is opened or executed.
• The virus can then replicate itself by attaching to other files.
• Effects can include deleting files, corrupting data, slowing down the system or displaying unwanted messages.

Worms