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This lesson consolidates the entire socio-cultural influences unit and provides structured revision materials and exam technique guidance for OCR GCSE PE Paper 2. The OCR specification (J587, Section 2.3) covers factors affecting participation, strategies to improve participation, commercialisation, sponsorship and media, sportsmanship and gamesmanship, drugs in sport, and violence in sport. This lesson helps you organise your knowledge, practise exam techniques, and avoid common mistakes.
Use this table as a rapid-revision resource. Cover the definition column and test yourself.
| Term | Definition |
|---|---|
| Participation | Taking part in sport and physical activity |
| Promotion | Raising awareness of sporting opportunities to encourage participation |
| Provision | Ensuring facilities, coaches, programmes, and competitions are available |
| Access | Removing barriers so everyone can reach and use sporting opportunities |
| Sport England | Government agency responsible for growing grassroots participation |
| NGB | National Governing Body — organisation managing a specific sport |
| DCMS | Department for Culture, Media and Sport — government department for sport policy |
| Commercialisation | Managing sport as a business to generate profit |
| Golden Triangle | The interdependent relationship between sport, sponsorship, and the media |
| Sponsorship | Financial/material support given to sport in return for brand exposure |
| Sportsmanship | Fair play, respect, and good grace in sport |
| Gamesmanship | Bending rules to gain an unfair advantage without technically breaking them |
| Deviance | Behaviour that breaks the rules, norms, or laws of sport |
| Anabolic steroids | Synthetic drugs that mimic testosterone — build muscle, increase strength |
| Beta blockers | Drugs that block adrenaline — calm nerves, steady hands |
| Stimulants | Drugs that speed up the body — increase alertness, reduce fatigue |
| Violence in sport | Aggressive behaviour that goes beyond the rules with intent to harm |
Example: "State one reason why a performer might use anabolic steroids." (1 mark)
Technique: One clear, correct answer.
Answer: To increase muscle mass and strength.
Example: "Define 'gamesmanship' and give an example from sport." (2 marks)
Answer: "Gamesmanship is bending the rules to gain an unfair advantage without technically breaking them (1). For example, a footballer deliberately time-wasting by taking a long time over throw-ins when their team is winning (1)."
Example: "Explain two positive effects of media coverage on sport." (4 marks)
Technique: Two clear points, each with an explanation and, ideally, an example.
Answer: "One positive effect is increased exposure — media coverage brings sport to a global audience, increasing its popularity. For example, the Premier League is broadcast in over 180 countries, making English football the most-watched league in the world (2 marks).
A second positive effect is the inspiration effect — watching elite sport on TV inspires people to participate. For example, participation in cycling increased significantly in the UK following British success at the 2012 Olympics (2 marks)."
Example: "Evaluate the impact of commercialisation on a professional football club." (8 marks)
Technique:
graph TD
Q["Extended<br>Response"] --> P["Discuss<br>positive effects"]
P --> N["Discuss<br>negative effects"]
N --> S["Impact on<br>stakeholders"]
S --> C["Balanced<br>conclusion"]
style Q fill:#8e44ad,color:#fff
style P fill:#27ae60,color:#fff
style N fill:#e74c3c,color:#fff
style S fill:#2980b9,color:#fff
style C fill:#f39c12,color:#fff
Model answer structure:
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