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Glacial landscapes are an optional part of the AQA GCSE Geography specification for Physical Landscapes in the UK. If your school has chosen this option, you need to understand the processes of glacial erosion and deposition, and the distinctive landforms they create. Even if you are not studying this as your optional topic, understanding glaciation helps explain the broader UK physical landscape.
Glaciation refers to the shaping of the landscape by glaciers and ice sheets. During the Pleistocene epoch (roughly 2.6 million to 10,000 years ago), the UK experienced several glacial periods (ice ages) when ice sheets covered much of Scotland, Wales, northern England, and the Midlands.
The most recent glacial maximum occurred approximately 20,000 years ago, when ice covered the UK as far south as a line roughly from the Bristol Channel to the Wash.
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