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Machine learning (ML) is the branch of AI that enables systems to learn from data rather than being explicitly programmed with rules. Instead of telling a computer how to solve a problem step by step, you show it many examples and let it discover the patterns itself.
Traditional Programming:
┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Rules │────▶│ Program │────▶│ Output │
│ Data │────▶│ │ │ │
└──────────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘
Machine Learning:
┌──────────────┐ ┌───────────┐ ┌──────────┐
│ Data │────▶│ Learning │────▶│ Rules │
│ Outputs │────▶│ Algorithm │ │ (Model) │
└──────────────┘ └───────────┘ └──────────┘
In traditional programming, a developer writes explicit rules. In machine learning, you provide examples, and the algorithm learns the patterns. The output is a model — a mathematical function that can make predictions on new, unseen data.
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