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Every resource in GCP belongs to a project, and every project exists within a resource hierarchy. Understanding this hierarchy and how Identity and Access Management (IAM) works is fundamental to securing and organising your cloud environment.
GCP organises resources in a four-level hierarchy:
Organisation (example.com)
|
|-- Folder: Engineering
| |-- Project: web-app-prod
| |-- Project: web-app-dev
|
|-- Folder: Finance
| |-- Project: billing-system
|
|-- Project: shared-networking
| Level | Description |
|---|---|
| Organisation | The root node, tied to a Google Workspace or Cloud Identity domain |
| Folders | Optional grouping mechanism for projects (can be nested) |
| Projects | The core organisational unit — all resources belong to a project |
| Resources | The actual GCP resources (VMs, buckets, databases, etc.) |
A project is the fundamental unit in GCP:
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