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Every running program in Linux is a process. Understanding how to view, manage, and control processes — as well as how to work with system services — is essential for system administration and troubleshooting.
A process is an instance of a running program. Each process has:
| Attribute | Description |
|---|---|
| PID | Process ID — unique numeric identifier |
| PPID | Parent Process ID — the process that started this one |
| UID | User ID — who owns the process |
| State | Running, sleeping, stopped, zombie, etc. |
| Nice value | Process priority (-20 highest to 19 lowest) |
| Memory | Resident and virtual memory usage |
| CPU | CPU time consumed |
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