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Talking about the weather is universal — it is often the first topic in any casual conversation. In French, weather expressions use specific structures that differ from English. This lesson also covers nature vocabulary, seasons, and climate descriptions.
The most common weather structure uses il fait + adjective:
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Il fait beau. | The weather is nice. |
| Il fait mauvais. | The weather is bad. |
| Il fait chaud. | It's hot. |
| Il fait froid. | It's cold. |
| Il fait frais. | It's cool. |
| Il fait doux. | It's mild. |
| Il fait humide. | It's humid. |
| Il fait sec. | It's dry. |
| Il fait lourd. | It's muggy/heavy. |
| Il fait bon. | It's pleasant (temperature). |
| Il fait 20 degrés. | It's 20 degrees. |
| Il fait moins 5. | It's minus 5. |
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Il pleut. | It's raining. |
| Il neige. | It's snowing. |
| Il grêle. | It's hailing. |
| Il gèle. | It's freezing. |
| Il tonne. | It's thundering. |
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Il y a du soleil. | It's sunny. / There's sunshine. |
| Il y a du vent. | It's windy. / There's wind. |
| Il y a des nuages. | It's cloudy. / There are clouds. |
| Il y a du brouillard. | It's foggy. |
| Il y a de l'orage. | There's a storm. |
| Il y a des éclairs. | There's lightning. |
| Il y a une averse. | There's a shower (rain). |
| Il y a de la bruine. | There's drizzle. |
| Il y a du verglas. | There's ice (on the road). |
| French | English |
|---|---|
| Le ciel est bleu / clair. | The sky is blue / clear. |
| Le ciel est gris / couvert. | The sky is grey / overcast. |
| Le ciel est nuageux. | The sky is cloudy. |
| Le soleil brille. | The sun is shining. |
| Il y a un arc-en-ciel. | There's a rainbow. |
| French | English | Weather Description |
|---|---|---|
| le printemps (au printemps) | spring (in spring) | Au printemps, il fait doux et les fleurs commencent à pousser. |
| l'été (m) (en été) | summer (in summer) | En été, il fait chaud et le soleil brille. |
| l'automne (m) (en automne) | autumn (in autumn) | En automne, les feuilles tombent et il pleut souvent. |
| l'hiver (m) (en hiver) | winter (in winter) | En hiver, il fait froid et il neige parfois. |
Prepositions: Use au with printemps and en with été, automne, hiver.
| French | English |
|---|---|
| une montagne | a mountain |
| une colline | a hill |
| une vallée | a valley |
| une plaine | a plain |
| un plateau | a plateau |
| une forêt | a forest |
| un bois | a wood |
| un champ | a field |
| une prairie | a meadow |
| un désert | a desert |
| une île | an island |
| une presqu'île | a peninsula |
| une falaise | a cliff |
| une grotte / une caverne | a cave |
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