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This is the lesson that brings the two main past tenses together. Choosing between the passé composé and the imparfait is one of the most important decisions in French grammar. Both describe the past, but from completely different perspectives.
| Passé Composé | Imparfait |
|---|---|
| What happened | What was happening / What things were like |
| Completed action | Ongoing or habitual action |
| Foreground event | Background description |
| Specific moment | General state |
| Verb | Imparfait (state) | Passé Composé (event/change) |
|---|---|---|
| savoir | Je savais. (I knew.) | J'ai su. (I found out.) |
| connaître | Je connaissais Paris. (I knew Paris.) | J'ai connu Marie en 2010. (I met Marie in 2010.) |
| pouvoir | Je pouvais nager. (I could swim.) | J'ai pu nager. (I managed to swim.) |
| vouloir | Je voulais partir. (I wanted to leave.) | J'ai voulu partir. (I tried to leave.) |
| devoir | Je devais travailler. (I was supposed to work.) | J'ai dû travailler. (I had to work.) |
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