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Georgian has exactly 5 vowels, matching the basic vowel system found in languages like Spanish, Japanese, and Swahili. If you speak any of these languages, the Georgian vowels will feel immediately familiar. Even for English speakers, these five pure vowels are straightforward to pronounce.
| Letter | Name | IPA | Sound | English Approximation | Example Word |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ა | Ani | /ɑ/ | a | "a" in "father" | ანა (Ana — a name) |
| ე | Eni | /ɛ/ | e | "e" in "bet" | ერი (eri — nation) |
| ი | Ini | /i/ | i | "ee" in "see" | ინი (ini — the letter name) |
| ო | Oni | /ɔ/ | o | "o" in "more" | ორი (ori — two) |
| უ | Uni | /u/ | u | "oo" in "food" | უნი (uni — the letter name) |
Tip: Georgian vowels are pure — they do not glide or change quality mid-sound the way English vowels often do. When you say ო, keep it as a steady "o" without sliding into "ow".
Let us examine each vowel carefully:
This is the first letter of the Georgian alphabet. It looks somewhat like a reversed "ɑ" or a small loop sitting on the baseline.
Shape: A small circular loop open to the right
Height: Sits within the x-height (mid-zone)
Stroke: Start from top, curve down-left, loop around
Practice words:
This vowel has a distinctive shape — a horizontal stroke with a small upward curve.
Shape: A horizontal line that curves up slightly at the right
Height: Sits within the x-height
Stroke: Written left to right with a small flourish
Practice words:
One of the simplest Georgian letters — a short vertical stroke, sometimes with a slight curve.
Shape: A short vertical line or slight curve
Height: Sits within the x-height
Stroke: A single downward stroke
Practice words:
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