You are viewing a free preview of this lesson.
Subscribe to unlock all 10 lessons in this course and every other course on LearningBro.
German has many verbs with prefixes — small additions at the beginning that modify the verb's meaning. These prefixes fall into two categories: separable and inseparable. How the prefix behaves directly affects how the past participle is formed in the Perfekt.
Separable verbs have a prefix that detaches from the verb in main clauses. In the present tense, the prefix goes to the end of the clause:
| Prefix | Meaning | Example Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|---|
| ab- | off, away | abfahren | to depart |
| an- | on, at | ankommen | to arrive |
| auf- | up, open | aufmachen | to open |
| aus- | out | ausgehen | to go out |
| ein- | in, into | einladen | to invite |
| mit- | with, along | mitkommen | to come along |
| vor- | before, forward | vorstellen | to introduce |
| zu- | to, closed | zumachen | to close |
| zurück- | back | zurückkommen | to come back |
| weg- | away | weggehen | to go away |
| um- | around | umziehen | to move (house) |
| fest- | firm | festhalten | to hold tight |
| fern- | far | fernsehen | to watch TV |
| hin- | there (away) | hingehen | to go there |
| her- | here (toward) | herkommen | to come here |
For separable verbs, the ge- is inserted between the prefix and the verb stem:
prefix + ge + stem + -t/-en
| Infinitive | Past Participle | Type | Translation |
|---|---|---|---|
| aufmachen | aufgemacht | weak | opened |
| zumachen | zugemacht | weak | closed |
| einkaufen | eingekauft | weak | shopped |
| anrufen | angerufen | strong | called |
| ankommen | angekommen | strong | arrived |
| abfahren | abgefahren | strong | departed |
| aufstehen | aufgestanden | strong | got up |
| ausgehen | ausgegangen | strong | went out |
| einladen | eingeladen | strong | invited |
| mitkommen | mitgekommen | strong | came along |
| fernsehen | ferngesehen | strong | watched TV |
| zurückkommen | zurückgekommen | strong | came back |
| vorstellen | vorgestellt | weak | introduced |
| umziehen | umgezogen | strong | moved (house) |
Inseparable verbs have a prefix that never detaches from the verb. It stays attached in all tenses and forms.
| Prefix | Example Verb | Meaning |
|---|---|---|
| be- | besuchen | to visit |
| emp- | empfehlen | to recommend |
| ent- | entscheiden | to decide |
| er- | erzählen | to tell (a story) |
| ge- | gehören | to belong |
| miss- | missverstehen | to misunderstand |
| ver- | verstehen | to understand |
| zer- | zerstören | to destroy |
Memory aid: The inseparable prefixes can be remembered with the mnemonic:
Be- Emp- Ent- Er- Ge- Miss- Ver- Zer-
Or simply: "Be Er Ge Ver Zer Ent Emp Miss"
Inseparable verbs do NOT add ge- to the past participle:
prefix + stem + -t/-en (no ge-!)
Subscribe to continue reading
Get full access to this lesson and all 10 lessons in this course.