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German has a distinctive type of verb called a separable verb (trennbares Verb). These verbs have a prefix that detaches from the main verb and moves to the end of the sentence when conjugated. Understanding separable verbs is essential because they are extremely common in everyday German.
A separable verb consists of two parts: a prefix and a base verb.
Example: aufstehen (to get up / to stand up)
In a conjugated sentence, the prefix separates and goes to the end:
| Prefix | Meaning | Example Verb | English |
|---|---|---|---|
| ab- | away, off | abfahren | to depart |
| an- | on, at, to | anfangen | to begin |
| auf- | up, open | aufstehen | to get up |
| aus- | out | ausgehen | to go out |
| ein- | in, into | einladen | to invite |
| mit- | with, along | mitkommen | to come along |
| um- | around, over | umziehen | to move (house) |
| vor- | before, forward | vorstellen | to introduce |
| zu- | to, closed | zumachen | to close |
| zurück- | back | zurückkommen | to come back |
| weg- | away | weggehen | to go away |
| her- | towards (speaker) | herkommen | to come here |
| hin- | away (from speaker) | hingehen | to go there |
| zusammen- | together | zusammenarbeiten | to work together |
Tip: Separable prefixes are usually stressed in pronunciation: AUFstehen, ANfangen, MITkommen. The prefix carries the main stress.
The base verb conjugates normally. The prefix goes to the end.
| Pronoun | Conjugation | Full Sentence |
|---|---|---|
| ich | stehe...auf | Ich stehe um sechs auf. |
| du | stehst...auf | Du stehst früh auf. |
| er/sie/es | steht...auf | Er steht spät auf. |
| wir | stehen...auf | Wir stehen zusammen auf. |
| ihr | steht...auf | Steht ihr jetzt auf? |
| sie/Sie | stehen...auf | Sie stehen um sieben auf. |
| Pronoun | Conjugation |
|---|---|
| ich | fange...an |
| du | fängst...an |
| er/sie/es | fängt...an |
| wir | fangen...an |
| ihr | fangt...an |
| sie/Sie | fangen...an |
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