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Reflexive verbs are verbs where the subject and the object are the same person or thing — the action "reflects" back onto the doer. German uses reflexive verbs much more extensively than English, so mastering them is essential.
Reflexive pronouns exist in both the accusative and the dative:
| Person | Accusative Reflexive | Dative Reflexive |
|---|---|---|
| ich | mich | mir |
| du | dich | dir |
| er/sie/es | sich | sich |
| wir | uns | uns |
| ihr | euch | euch |
| sie/Sie | sich | sich |
Key observations:
- For ich and du, the accusative and dative reflexive pronouns are different (mich/mir, dich/dir).
- For er/sie/es, sie (plural), and Sie (formal), the reflexive pronoun is always sich — same for both accusative and dative.
- For wir and ihr, the reflexive pronoun matches the regular pronoun (uns, euch).
When the reflexive pronoun IS the direct object:
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