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The Genitiv (genitive case) is the fourth and final German case. It primarily expresses possession and belonging — it answers the question "whose?" In formal and written German, the genitive is essential; in spoken German, it is often replaced by von + dative, but knowing it is crucial for reading, writing, and formal communication.
The genitive shows who or what something belongs to:
| Gender | Nominative | Accusative | Dative | Genitive |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Masculine | der | den | dem | des (+s/es on noun) |
| Feminine | die | die | der | der |
| Neuter | das | das | dem | des (+s/es on noun) |
| Plural | die | die | den | der |
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