Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns (pronomi indiretti) replace the person to whom or for whom an action is done. In English: "I give the book to her" becomes "I give her the book." In Italian, these pronouns also go before the conjugated verb.

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The Indirect Object Pronouns

Person	Italian	English Equivalent
1st singular	mi	to me
2nd singular	ti	to you (informal)
3rd singular masc.	gli	to him
3rd singular fem.	le	to her
3rd singular formal	Le	to you (formal)
1st plural	ci	to us
2nd plural	vi	to you (plural)
3rd plural	gli (formal: loro)	to them

Note: In modern Italian, gli is used for both "to him" and "to them." The old form loro (placed after the verb) is very formal and increasingly rare.

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Direct vs Indirect: How to Tell the Difference

The key question is: does the verb take a direct object or does it need the preposition a (to)?