Indirect Object Pronouns

Indirect object pronouns (pronombres de objeto indirecto) tell us to whom or for whom an action is done. They are one of the most important structures in Spanish and appear in everyday conversation constantly.

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What Is an Indirect Object?

An indirect object is the person (or thing) that receives the direct object or benefits from the action. It answers "to whom?" or "for whom?"

• Yo doy el libro a María. — I give the book to María.

Here, el libro is the direct object (what is given), and a María is the indirect object (to whom it is given).

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The Indirect Object Pronouns

Person	Singular	Plural
1st	me (to me)	nos (to us)
2nd (informal)	te (to you)	os (to you all - Spain)
3rd	le (to him/her/you formal)	les (to them/you all formal)

Key difference from direct object pronouns: In the third person, the indirect object pronoun is always le (singular) or les (plural), regardless of gender. There is no lo/la distinction for indirect objects.

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