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This lesson explores key ethical issues related to computer science and technology, as required by OCR J277 Section 1.6. Ethics are moral principles that guide how we should behave, and technology raises many important ethical questions about privacy, censorship, and surveillance.
Ethical issues are questions about what is morally right or wrong. In computer science, ethical issues arise because technology can be used in ways that benefit society but also in ways that can cause harm.
Key ethical questions in computing include:
OCR Exam Tip: Ethics questions in the exam often present a scenario and ask you to discuss arguments for and against a particular use of technology. Always present both sides of the argument before giving a balanced conclusion.
Privacy is the right of an individual to control what information about them is collected, stored, and shared.
| Concern | Description |
|---|---|
| Data collection | Companies collect vast amounts of personal data through websites, apps, and devices |
| Tracking | Cookies, location data, and browsing history are used to track online behaviour |
| Data sharing | Personal data may be sold to third parties for advertising or other purposes |
| Data breaches | Stolen personal data can be used for identity theft and fraud |
| Social media | Users often share personal information publicly without understanding the consequences |
| IoT devices | Smart speakers, cameras, and wearables continuously collect data |
| Argument | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Personalised services | Targeted advertising, personalised recommendations, and tailored content |
| Improved products | User data helps companies improve their products and services |
| Free services | Many free online services are funded by advertising based on user data |
| Public safety | Data analysis can help identify criminal activity and prevent terrorism |
| Argument | Explanation |
|---|---|
| Loss of privacy | Individuals have less control over their personal information |
| Manipulation | Targeted advertising can manipulate consumer behaviour |
| Security risks | Large databases of personal data are targets for hackers |
| Lack of consent | Users may not understand or consent to how their data is used |
| Power imbalance | Large companies hold enormous amounts of data about individuals |
Censorship is the suppression or restriction of information, ideas, or content that is considered objectionable, harmful, or sensitive.
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