6 exam-style questions with full mark schemes and model answers. Write your own answer and the AI examiner marks it against the mark scheme.
The concentration of glucose in the blood is controlled by the hormone insulin, released by the pancreas.
Explain how the body responds when blood glucose concentration rises (for example after a meal), and describe how this control differs in a person with type 1 diabetes. (6 marks)
When a person touches a hot object, they pull their hand away automatically before they feel the pain. This is a reflex action, controlled by a reflex arc.
(a) The stimulus is detected by a receptor in the skin. Name the type of neurone that then carries the impulse from the receptor to the central nervous system (CNS). (1 mark)
(b) Within the CNS, the impulse passes across a tiny gap between two neurones. Name this gap. (1 mark)
(c) Explain one way in which a reflex action is an advantage to the body. (2 marks)
The eye contains structures that control how much light enters and that detect light.
(a) Name the part of the eye that controls how much light enters by changing the size of the pupil. (1 mark)
(b) In dim light the pupil becomes wider. Describe how the muscles of the iris bring this about. (2 marks)
Humans keep their core body temperature close to 37 °C. This is controlled by the body's temperature-regulation system.
Describe three ways the body responds when a person becomes too hot, to help cool down. (3 marks)
The menstrual cycle is controlled by hormones. One of these hormones, oestrogen, is produced by the ovaries.
State two roles of oestrogen in the menstrual cycle. (2 marks)
The endocrine system is made up of glands that release hormones into the blood.
State what is meant by a hormone. (1 mark)