6 exam-style questions with full mark schemes and model answers. Write your own answer and the AI examiner marks it against the mark scheme.
Learn this properly: Bones of the SkeletonA basketball player repeatedly jumps and lands during a match, placing large forces through the synovial joints of the knee and ankle.
Describe the structure of a synovial joint and explain how its components help to prevent injury when the player lands. (6 marks)
A weightlifter performs a slow biceps curl, raising the bar up and then lowering it under control. Muscles can contract in different ways.
(a) Name the type of contraction the biceps performs during the upward (lifting) phase, when the muscle shortens. (1 mark)
(b) Name the type of contraction the biceps performs during the downward (lowering) phase, when the muscle lengthens under tension to control the bar. (1 mark)
(c) Name and describe an isometric contraction, giving a sporting example. (2 marks)
The shoulder is a ball-and-socket joint and the elbow is a hinge joint. These joints allow different ranges of movement.
(a) State one joint action that the ball-and-socket joint at the shoulder allows that the hinge joint at the elbow does not. (1 mark)
(b) Name the joint action occurring at the elbow when a performer bends the arm, and the joint action when they straighten it. (2 marks)
Tendons and ligaments are two types of connective tissue around a joint, but they have different jobs.
(a) State what a tendon connects. (1 mark)
(b) State what a ligament connects, and state its main function at a joint. (2 marks)
The skeleton has several functions that are important for participation in physical activity and sport.
State two functions of the skeleton other than allowing movement. (2 marks)
In an antagonistic muscle pair, what name is given to the muscle that contracts to produce the main movement (the prime mover)? (1 mark)