6 exam-style questions with full mark schemes and model answers. Write your own answer and the AI examiner marks it against the mark scheme.
Learn this properly: Bones of the SkeletonMaya is a county-level high jumper. As she plants her take-off foot and drives upward over the bar, her knee, hip and ankle joints all work to generate force.
Analyse how the structure of the synovial joints at Maya's knee and hip allows her to perform an effective high-jump take-off, referring to at least three named components of a synovial joint and to the type of each joint. (6 marks)
During a steady training run, Leo's heart pumps 70 cm³ of blood out of the left ventricle with each beat, and his heart rate is 140 beats per minute.
(a) Calculate Leo's cardiac output. Use Q=SV×HR, give the unit, and show your working. (2 marks)
(b) Later in the run Leo's stroke volume stays the same but his heart rate rises to 160 beats per minute. State what happens to his cardiac output and give one reason why his body needs this change during exercise. (2 marks)
The skeleton has several functions that support participation in physical activity.
(a) Name two functions of the skeleton, other than movement, and for each one give a different sporting example that shows the function in action. (2 marks)
(b) Name the classification of bone to which the femur belongs, and state one way this type of bone helps a sprinter. (1 mark)
A 1500 m runner and a 100 m sprinter rely on different muscle fibre types.
(a) Name the muscle fibre type the 100 m sprinter relies on most, and describe one characteristic of this fibre that suits sprinting. (2 marks)
(b) Explain one reason why the 1500 m runner's dominant fibre type is better suited to their event. (1 mark)
As a footballer performs the upward (lifting) phase of a bicep curl while warming up, the muscles of the upper arm work as an antagonistic pair.
State which muscle is the agonist and which is the antagonist during this lifting phase, and name the type of contraction the agonist is performing. (2 marks)
A netball player jumps to intercept a pass. As she pushes off the floor, her gastrocnemius contracts.
Name the movement produced at her ankle as the gastrocnemius contracts to push off. (1 mark)