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Google Cloud Platform organises all resources within a clearly defined hierarchy. Understanding this hierarchy is fundamental because it determines how you manage access control, apply policies, and organise billing. Every resource you create in GCP — a virtual machine, a storage bucket, a database — lives inside a project, and projects can be organised within folders and an organisation.
The GCP resource hierarchy has four levels:
Organisation
└── Folder (optional, can be nested)
└── Project
└── Resource (VM, bucket, database, etc.)
| Level | Description |
|---|---|
| Organisation | The root node of the hierarchy, representing your company or institution |
| Folder | An optional grouping mechanism for projects (can be nested up to 10 levels deep) |
| Project | The fundamental organising entity in GCP — all resources belong to a project |
| Resource | The actual GCP services you use (VMs, buckets, databases, etc.) |
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