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This lesson covers the remaining Georgian consonants — the affricates, the sonorants (nasals, liquids), and the special uvular ejective ყ. After this lesson, you will have encountered all 33 letters of the Mkhedruli alphabet.
An affricate is a consonant that starts as a stop and releases into a fricative — like English "ch" (t + sh) or "j" (d + zh). Georgian has a particularly rich affricate system with the same three-way distinction as the stops.
| Letter | Name | IPA | Type | Sound Description |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ძ | Dzili | /dz/ | Voiced | Like "ds" in "beds" |
| ც | Tsani | /tsʰ/ | Aspirated | Like "ts" in "cats" (with aspiration) |
| წ | Tsili | /ts'/ | Ejective | Sharp, tense "ts" — no English equivalent |
Practice words:
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