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The Futur II (future perfect) is used to express that something will have happened by a certain point in the future, or — more commonly — to express an assumption about the past. It is not used as frequently as other tenses, but it is important to recognise and understand.
The Futur II is formed with:
werden + past participle + haben/sein (infinitive)
| Component | Role |
|---|---|
| werden (conjugated) | Auxiliary, in V2 position |
| Past participle | Of the main verb |
| haben or sein | In the infinitive form, at the very end |
The choice between haben and sein follows the same rules as in the Perfekt: movement/change-of-state verbs use sein, most others use haben.
| Person | Example (with haben) | Example (with sein) |
|---|---|---|
| ich | werde ... gemacht haben | werde ... gegangen sein |
| du | wirst ... gemacht haben | wirst ... gegangen sein |
| er/sie/es | wird ... gemacht haben | wird ... gegangen sein |
| wir | werden ... gemacht haben | werden ... gegangen sein |
| ihr | werdet ... gemacht haben | werdet ... gegangen sein |
| sie/Sie | werden ... gemacht haben | werden ... gegangen sein |
Futur II expresses that an action will be completed before a specific future moment:
Key signal words: bis (by/until), bevor (before), wenn (when).
The most frequent use of Futur II in everyday German is to express a supposition about what probably happened in the past:
The words wohl, wahrscheinlich, vermutlich, and sicher often accompany this usage.
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