Making Nouns Plural

Once you know a noun's gender, the next step is learning how to make it plural. Italian pluralisation follows a distinctive system: instead of simply adding -s like English, Italian changes the final vowel of the word.

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The Core System: Changing the Final Vowel

Italian plurals work by changing the ending of the noun. The change depends on the noun's gender and its singular ending.

The Three Main Patterns

Gender	Singular Ending	Plural Ending	Example
Masculine	-o	-i	il libro → i libri (the books)
Feminine	-a	-e	la casa → le case (the houses)
Masc. or Fem.	-e	-i	il fiore → i fiori (the flowers)

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Pattern 1: Masculine -o → -i

This is the most common pattern. Simply change the final -o to -i.