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Several of the most common Italian verbs have irregular stems in the futuro semplice. The good news is that the endings remain exactly the same as for regular verbs (-ò, -ai, -à, -emo, -ete, -anno). You only need to memorise the modified stems.
Irregular future stems fall into three categories based on how they change:
These verbs lose the vowel from the infinitive ending, creating a shorter stem:
| Infinitive | Irregular Stem | io Form |
|---|---|---|
| avere (to have) | avr- | avrò |
| potere (to be able) | potr- | potrò |
| dovere (to have to) | dovr- | dovrò |
| sapere (to know) | sapr- | saprò |
| vedere (to see) | vedr- | vedrò |
| vivere (to live) | vivr- | vivrò |
| cadere (to fall) | cadr- | cadrò |
| andare (to go) | andr- | andrò |
These verbs replace the final vowel of the stem with rr:
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