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The past participle (participio passato) is one of the most versatile forms in Italian. Beyond the passato prossimo, it appears in several compound tenses. This lesson covers regular and irregular participles, the trapassato prossimo (pluperfect), and other compound structures.
Each conjugation has a predictable past participle ending:
| Conjugation | Infinitive Ending | Past Participle Ending | Example |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1st | -are | -ato | parlare → parlato |
| 2nd | -ere | -uto | credere → creduto |
| 3rd | -ire | -ito | dormire → dormito |
| Infinitive | Past Participle | English |
|---|---|---|
| mangiare | mangiato | eaten |
| lavorare | lavorato | worked |
| vendere | venduto | sold |
| avere | avuto | had |
| capire | capito | understood |
| finire | finito | finished |
Many common verbs have irregular past participles. These must be memorised:
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