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In this final lesson, we apply everything we have learned about adjectives to describe places (cities, towns, buildings, rooms, landscapes) and things (objects, food, experiences). This lesson also serves as a comprehensive review of all the adjective concepts covered in this course.
| Spanish (m/f) | English | Example |
|---|---|---|
| bonito/a | pretty | un pueblo bonito |
| hermoso/a | beautiful | una ciudad hermosa |
| feo/a | ugly | un edificio feo |
| grande | big | una ciudad grande |
| pequeño/a | small | un pueblo pequeño |
| tranquilo/a | quiet, peaceful | un barrio tranquilo |
| ruidoso/a | noisy | una calle ruidosa |
| moderno/a | modern | un edificio moderno |
| antiguo/a | old, ancient | una iglesia antigua |
| limpio/a | clean | una ciudad limpia |
| sucio/a | dirty | una estación sucia |
| seguro/a | safe | un barrio seguro |
| peligroso/a | dangerous | una zona peligrosa |
| famoso/a | famous | un monumento famoso |
| turístico/a | touristy | una zona turística |
| acogedor/a | cosy, welcoming | un restaurante acogedor |
| amplio/a | spacious | una habitación amplia |
| estrecho/a | narrow | una calle estrecha |
| luminoso/a | bright, well-lit | un piso luminoso |
| oscuro/a | dark | un callejón oscuro |
The distinction between ser and estar is crucial when describing places:
| Example | English |
|---|---|
| La ciudad es grande. | The city is big. |
| El pueblo es tranquilo. | The village is quiet (by nature). |
| España es un país bonito. | Spain is a beautiful country. |
| El museo es famoso. | The museum is famous. |
| Esta zona es peligrosa. | This area is dangerous. |
| Example | English |
|---|---|
| El museo está en el centro. | The museum is in the centre. |
| La ciudad está muy limpia hoy. | The city is very clean today. |
| El restaurante está cerrado. | The restaurant is closed. |
| La calle está vacía. | The street is empty (right now). |
| El parque está lleno de gente. | The park is full of people. |
Key principle: Use ser for what a place IS (its defining nature). Use estar for where a place IS (location) and for how it IS right now (temporary states like being empty, full, clean, or closed).
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| abierto/a | open |
| cerrado/a | closed |
| vacío/a | empty |
| lleno/a | full |
| decorado/a | decorated |
| iluminado/a | illuminated |
| preparado/a | prepared, set up |
| ordenado/a | tidy |
| desordenado/a | messy |
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| amplio/a | spacious |
| pequeño/a | small |
| luminoso/a | bright |
| oscuro/a | dark |
| cómodo/a | comfortable |
| acogedor/a | cosy |
| moderno/a | modern |
| clásico/a | classic |
| decorado/a | decorated |
| amueblado/a | furnished |
La habitación es amplia y luminosa. Tiene una ventana grande que da al jardín. Las paredes son blancas y el suelo es de madera oscura. Hay una cama doble con sábanas limpias y una mesita pequeña al lado. La habitación está muy ordenada y huele a flores frescas.
When describing objects, we typically talk about their colour, size, shape, material, and condition.
Colours follow all the standard adjective agreement rules:
| Spanish | English |
|---|---|
| redondo/a | round |
| cuadrado/a | square |
| rectangular | rectangular |
| ovalado/a | oval |
| triangular | triangular |
| plano/a | flat |
| grueso/a | thick |
| fino/a | thin, fine |
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