Fractions

Fractions are one of the most important topics on the SET 11+ maths papers. You need to understand what fractions mean, how to simplify them, how to compare them, and how to add, subtract, multiply, and divide them. This lesson takes you through each skill with clear worked examples.

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What Is a Fraction?

A fraction represents a part of a whole. It is written as two numbers separated by a line:

• The numerator (top number) tells you how many parts you have.
• The denominator (bottom number) tells you how many equal parts the whole is divided into.

For example, 3/4 means 3 out of 4 equal parts.

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Equivalent Fractions

Two fractions are equivalent if they represent the same amount. You create equivalent fractions by multiplying or dividing the numerator and denominator by the same number.

• 1/2 = 2/4 = 3/6 = 5/10
• 2/3 = 4/6 = 6/9 = 8/12

Top Tip: Equivalent fractions are the key to comparing fractions and adding fractions with different denominators.

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Simplifying Fractions

To simplify a fraction, divide the numerator and denominator by their Highest Common Factor (HCF).

Worked Example

Simplify 18/24.